Understanding Perimenopause

Perimenopause is the time when you start to have symptoms of the menopause, but your periods haven’t stopped yet. It’s a natural part of ageing and happens as your ovaries gradually produce less of the hormone oestrogen.

Symptoms can start for some women in their late 30s, but it’s more common from the early to mid-40s. Perimenopause can last for several years until your periods stop completely, which is when you reach menopause.

Common Symptoms of Perimenopause

The changes in your hormone levels can cause a range of symptoms. You might not get all of them, and they can vary in how severe they are. Some of the common symptoms include:

• Changes to your periods: Your periods might become irregular. They could be heavier or lighter, shorter or longer, or you might find the time between them changes. You might also start to skip periods.
• Hot flushes: These are sudden feelings of warmth, often in your face, neck and chest, which can make your skin red and can be followed by sweating.
• Sleep problems: You might find it hard to fall asleep or stay asleep, and you might wake up during the night. Night sweats can also disrupt your sleep.
• Mood changes: You might experience changes in your mood, such as feeling irritable, anxious, or having low mood. Some women also report problems with their memory or concentration (sometimes called ‘brain fog’).
• Vaginal dryness and discomfort: Lower oestrogen levels can make your vagina feel dry, which can be uncomfortable, especially during sex.
• Reduced sex drive (libido): You might notice a decrease in your interest in sex.
• Problems with your bladder: You might need to pee more often or feel a sudden urge to go.
• Other physical symptoms: Some women also experience things like headaches, breast tenderness, and joint or muscle pain.

Other Things to Know About Perimenopause

• Perimenopause can last for months or even years. The average length is around 5 years, but it can be different for everyone.
• The levels of your hormones can go up and down quite a lot during perimenopause, which is why your symptoms might change over time.
• It’s still possible to get pregnant during perimenopause, so you may need to speak to your GP to discuss contraception.
• Healthy lifestyle choices, like regular exercise, a balanced diet, and getting enough sleep, can help manage some of the symptoms.

When to Get Help

You should see your GP if you’re worried about any symptoms, you think could be related to perimenopause. They can talk to you about what you’re experiencing and offer advice and support. Sometimes, the symptoms of perimenopause can be similar to other conditions, so it’s always best to get them checked.

Your GP can discuss ways to help manage your symptoms, which might include lifestyle changes or other treatments if needed.